Week 11: The Archive

What drew my attention the most from this week’s reading was the inclusion of how in both quantitative and qualitative methods of reading the history of the archive in for use in book history there are difficulties in accessing information and records.

In the quantitative method of “reading the archive,” historians would collect information about “the records of publishers and allied trades; bibliographies and library
catalogues; and information created by legislative and governing bodies in
managing the book trade.” (Bode and Osborne 225). Researchers look for information that will allow them to understand the work and culture that surrounds the production of a book in order to comprehend how different eras of history affected the production and reading of books. However the quantitative method will not answer all questions, many times records are in poor quality, with “historical data often ‘patchy,'” and are also biased, with, “historical data… inflected by the perspectives and intentions of the individuals and institutions that create and curate them.” (228). In the qualitative method there are faults as well, when reading from and accessing information from an archive one must remember that the archive, although it may be expansive, is “[n]either complete or fully revealing,” as “Individuals make decisions about what documents they want to keep or discard.” which invited the bias of the archivist to affect the “completeness,” or a collection or grouping of works (Bode and Osborne 224).

In both methods bias affects the collection of work, the perspective and values of the archivist, or the organization they collect for, will frequently be the deciding factor between what is included or disregarded in a collection. The archive, which I previously believed to be a place of equality, where books and information are all kept safe to the best of the archivist’s ability for reader’s access and reference, does not view all books, and therefore information, equally. Archivists must make careful and difficult choices to decide which items deserve to be in an archive and why, knowing that the decision to preserve one book or artifact of information might mean to loose another one. It is interesting that while book historians may read books from within an archive to disseminate how certain perspectives, politics, and cultures would have affected the production of a book, the same archive that they are reading from would have be affected by those same subjects.

Week 3: Mapping the Limits of the Library with Media Ecology

Our readings this week prime us to approach Special Collections materials within a “media ecology” (Jessica Pressman, “Old Media/New Media”). Operating themselves in this ecology, these readings cite diverse scholarly approaches to book studies. While this is my third time reading Michelle Levy and Tom Mole’s The Broadview Introduction to Book History (2017) with Dr. Pressman, I’m struck by the immensity of information and approaches to information cataloged in the History. As we prepare to enter Special Collections, I’m struck by a deep thought: There’s a lot to read. How do we read a lot?

If we understand each book as a networked media object, we must read this object’s contexts across time and place. To use Dr. Pressman’s term from “Old Media/New Media”, how do we read an “ecology of interrelated feedback loops” if all are entangled? How does one read an ecology? How do we focus or curate our readings of an object when we understand its paratext to spiral in directions and scopes beyond our comprehension? If the book object is assembled and networked so pervasively, how do we decide the scope of our reading? As Dr. Pressman said of digital hypertext in last week’s class, how does the reading end, and how do we decide where it ends?

What Dr. Pressman calls the “linear historical narrative that describes the shift from old to new media” (2), thoroughly unwound by book archaeology, is tempting because it makes reading media easier. Questions of immense scope are detangled; the singular reader retakes authority to create a sequential history and to construct singular meanings from this easier narrative. This reduced “flowchart” history is popularly bent to political ends. We don’t need to fall into this practice just because it’s easier – rather, it is important that we commit to following the confusions and uncertainties of research if we really want to meet and draw more nuanced interpretations of our book objects.

Without needing to construe reading history through the transitional “intensive to extensive reading” model, we can recognize that the way we approach reading is influenced by our perception of how many things are available to read (Levy and Mole xviii). I realized during our discussion of Mark C. Marino’s Marginalia in the Library of Babel that many hypertexts take me longer to process than static texts because they offer no readout showing how much content remains to be read. As a mortal thing, having some concept of when – or at least if – I’ll end a reading informs how I apportion my time and attention. My attention transitions out of the text and through others. Instead of expecting a fixed termination point, then, I think I’ll enter Special Collections with the framework that my reading of a book object will be transitional: our feedback loops will pass through each other. Maybe the ending that will guide my reading is not the limit at which a reading or history terminates, but the transitional process that happens when the book object takes on new meaning. It’s not a cessation, but a transition into more and radiating loops. I need to pay attention to my reading processes in order to notice when this transition is taking place.

Last week, Borges’ narrator in The Library of Babel conjured “[an] unspeakably melancholy memory: I have sometimes traveled for nights on end, down corridors and polished staircases, without coming across a single librarian” (114). Borges philosophically dramatizes conflicts surrounding the ways in which people approach books and reading as cultural practices; here the conflict is not between opposing readers but in the echo chamber of an intellectual journey undertaken alone. I am grateful that we populate our own Library within the massive ecology of scholarship, expertise, and curiosities of people across time and place.